Archimandrite Sophrony on True Prayer

Archimandrite Sophrony on True Prayer

In recent months, Archimandrite Sophrony has become one of my favorite writers on Orthodox contemplative practice.  Before becoming a beloved monk on the Holy Mountain, Mount Athos, Father Sophrony traversed the whole terrain of Asian philosophy and religion – he even lived for some years as a yogi in India – before re-converting to his childhood faith: the Eastern Orthodox Church.

The following is an excerpt from his book “His Life is Mine[1].”   It is on real prayer as it’s viewed from the Orthodox perspective:

To pray like that every morning is not easy[2]. But if we pray from our heart,
with all our attention, the day will be stamped by our prayer and everything
that happens will take on a different character. The blessing that we have
sought from the High God will beget a gentle peace in our soul which will
have a miraculous effect on the way we see and interpret the world. The
man of prayer beholds the surrounding scene in another light. Concern is
quickened and the intrinsic quality of life enhanced. In time prayer will
penetrate our nature until gradually a new man is born of God. Love for God,
Who verily sends His blessings upon us, liberates the soul from extraneous
pressure. The one imperative is to preserve this loving tie with God. We shall
not care what people think of us, or how they treat us. We shall cease to be
afraid of falling out of favor. We shall love our fellow men without thought
of whether they love us. Christ gave us the commandment to love others but
did not make it a condition of salvation that they should love us. Indeed, we
may positively be disliked for independence of spirit. It is essential in these
days to be able to protect ourselves from the influence of those with whom
we come in contact. Otherwise we risk losing both faith and prayer. Let the
whole world dismiss us as unworthy of attention, trust or respect- it will not
matter provided that the Lord accepts us. And vice versa: it will profit us
nothing if the whole world thinks well of us and signs our praises, if the Lord
declines to abide with us. This is only a fragment of the freedom Christ
meant when He said, ‘Ye shall know the truth, and the truth shall make you
free’ (John 8.32). Our sole care will be to continue in the word of Christ, to
become His disciples and cease to be servants of sin. For ‘whosoever
committeth sin is the servant of sin. And the servant abideth not in the
house for ever: but the Son abideth ever. If the Son therefore shall make
you free, ye shall be free indeed’ (John 8.34-36). The end result of prayer is
to make us sons of God, and as sons we shall abide forever in the house of
our Father. ‘Our Father which art in heaven…’.

Of all approaches to God prayer is the best and in the last analysis the only
means. In the act of prayer the human mind finds its noblest expression.
The mental state of the scientist engaged in research, of the artist creating a
work of art, of the thinker wrapped up in philosophy- even of professional
theologians propounding their doctrines- cannot be compared to that of the
man of prayer brought face to Face with the living God. Each and every kind
of mental activity presents less of a strain than prayer. We may be capable
of working for ten or twelve hours on end but a few moments of prayer and
we are exhausted.

Prayer can accomplish all things. It is possible for any of us lacking in natural
talent to obtain through prayer supranatural gifts. Where we encounter a
deficiency of rational knowledge we should do well to remember that prayer,
independently of man’s intellectual capacity, can bring a higher form of
cognition. There is the province of reflex consciousness, of demonstrative
argument; and there is the province where prayer is the passageway to
direct contemplation of divine truth.

---

[1] From Chapter 6: Prayer of the Spirit

[2] Father Sophrony is referring to ascetical and repentant prayer; the kind of prayer that is the hallmark of Orthodox spirituality and contemplative practice.

Can Orthodoxy Speak to Eastern Religions?

     The following is an excellent article written by Kevin Allen.  Before converting to Orthodoxy, Kevin was a Hindu practitioner.  He hosts a weekly radio show over at Ancient Faith Radio (a great resource for anyone interested in becoming Orthodox, or for Orthodox who want to know more about their faith).

Can Orthodox Christianity Speak to Eastern Religions?

Kevin Allen

I recently had a conversation with a dear Eastern Orthodox priest, whose twenty six year old son had left home the day before to live indefinitely at a Buddhist monastery. He was heart broken. His son was not a stranger to Eastern Orthodoxy or to its monastic tradition, having even spent two months on the holy mountain of Mt. Athos.

His son's journey is not an isolated event. Eastern religious traditions are a growing and competing force in American religious life. Buddhism is now the fourth-largest religious group in the United States, with 2.5 - 3 million adherents, approximately 800,000 of whom are American western "converts"? There are actually more Buddhists in America today than Eastern Orthodox Christians! The Dalai Lama (the leader of one of the Tibetan Buddhist sects) is one of the most recognized and admired people in the world and far better recognized than any Eastern Orthodox hierarch? Have you looked in the magazine section of Borders or Barnes and Noble lately? There are more publications with names like "Shambala Sun", "Buddhadharma", and "What is enlightenment?" on the shelves than Christian publications!

In addition to losing seekers to eastern spiritual traditions (many of them youth), eastern metaphysics has also seeped into our western cultural worldview without much notice. They are doing a better job (sadly) "evangelizing" our culture than we Eastern Orthodox Christians are!

The Lord Himself commands us clearly "that repentance and remission of sins (baptism) should be preached in His name to all nations" (Luke 24:47). Buddhists (of which there are many sects) and Hindus live among us in America in ever-growing numbers, in our college classrooms, on our soccer fields, and in our "health foods" stores - they are right in our own backyards! They are a rich, potential "mission field" for the Eastern Orthodox Church in the United States. Unfortunately with few exceptions, like the writings of Monk Damascene [Christensen] and Kyriakos S. Markides, we are not talking to this group at all.

As a former Hindu and disciple of a well-known guru, or spiritual teacher, I can tell you Orthodox Christianity shares more "common ground" with seekers of non-Christian spiritual traditions of the east than any other Christian confession! The truth is when Evangelical Protestants attempt to evangelize the eastern seeker they often do more harm than good, because their approach is western, rational, and doctrinal, with (generally) little understanding of the paradigms and spiritual language (or yearnings) of the seekers of these eastern faiths.

There are three "fundamental principles" that Buddhists and Hindus generally share in common:

1.             A common "supra-natural" reality underlies and pervades the phenomenal world. This Supreme Reality isn't Personal, but Trans-personal. God or Ultimate Reality in these traditions is ultimately a pure consciousness without attributes.

2.             The human soul is of the same essence with this divine reality. All human nature is divine at its core. Accordingly, Christ or Buddha isn't a savior, but becomes a paradigm of self-realization, the goal of all individuals.

3.             Existence is in fundamental unity (monism). Creation isn't what it appears to the naked eye. It is in essence "illusion" and "unreal". There is one underlying ground of being (think "quantum field" in physics!) which unifies all beings and out of which and into which everything can be reduced.

What do these metaphysics have in common with our Eastern Orthodox Faith? Not much, on the surface. But in the eastern non-Christian spiritual traditions, knowledge is not primarily about the development of metaphysical doctrine or theology. This is one of the problems western Christians have communicating with them. Eastern religion is never theoretical or doctrinal. It's about the struggle for liberation from death and suffering through spiritual experience. This "existential-therapeutic-transformational" ethos is the first connection Eastern Orthodoxy has with these traditions, because Orthodoxy is essentially therapeutic and transformative in emphasis!

The second thing we agree on with Buddhists and Hindus is the fallen state of humanity. The goal of the Christian life according to the Church Fathers is to move from the "sub-natural" or "fallen state", to the "natural" or the "according to nature state" after the Image (of God), and ultimately to the "supra-natural" or "beyond nature" state, after the Likeness. According to the teaching of the holy Fathers the stages of the spiritual life are purification, illumination and deification. While we don't agree with Buddhists or Hindus on what "illumination" or "deification" means (because our metaphysics are different) we agree on the basic diagnosis of the fallen human condition. As I once said to a practicing Tibetan Buddhist: "We agree on the sickness (of the human condition). Where we disagree is on the cure".

Eastern Orthodoxy - especially the hesychasm (contemplative) tradition - teaches that true "spiritual knowledge" presupposes a "purified" and "awakened" nous (Greek), which is the "Inner 'I'" of the soul. The true Eastern Orthodox theologian isn't one who simply knows doctrine, but one "who knows God, or the inner essences or principles of created things by means of direct apprehension or spiritual perception. " As a well-known Orthodox theologian explains, "When the nous is illuminated, it means that it is receiving the energy of God which illuminates it..." This idea resonates with eastern seekers who struggle to experience - through non-Christian ascesis and/or through occult methods - spiritual illumination. They just don't know this opportunity exists within a Christian context.

As part of their spiritual ascesis, Buddhist and Hindu dhamma (practice) emphasizes cessation of desire, which is necessary to quench the passions. Holy Tradition teaches apatheia, or detachment as a means of combating the fallen passions. Hindu and Buddhist meditation methods teach "stillness". The word hesychia in Holy Tradition - the root of the word for hesychasm - means "stillness"! We don't meditate using a mantra, but we pray the "Jesus Prayer". Buddhism, especially, teaches "mindfulness". Holy Tradition teaches "watchfulness" so we do not fall into temptation! Hindus and Buddhists understand it is not wise to live for the present life, but to struggle for the future one. We Orthodox agree! Americans who become Buddhist or Hindu are often fervent spiritual seekers, used to struggling with foreign languages (Sanskrit, Tibetan, Japanese) and cultures and pushing themselves outside of their "comfort zones". We converts to the Eastern Orthodox Church can relate! Some Buddhist and Hindu sects even have complex forms of "liturgy", including chant, prostration and veneration of icons! Tibetan Buddhism especially places high value on the lives of (their) ascetics, relics and "saints".

The main difference in spiritual experience is that what the eastern seeker recognizes as "spiritual illumination", achieved through deep contemplation, Holy Tradition calls "self contemplation". Archimandrite Sophrony (Sakharov), who was experienced in yoga (which means 'union') before becoming a hesychast - monk and disciple of St. Silouan of the holy mountain wrote from personal experience, "All contemplation arrived at by this means is self-contemplation, not contemplation of God. In these circumstances we open up for ourselves created beauty, not First Being. And in all this there is no salvation for man."

Clement of Alexandria, two thousand years ago wrote that pre-Christian philosophers were often inspired by God, but he cautioned one to be careful what one took from them!

So we acknowledge the eastern seeker through his ascesis or contemplative methodologies may experience deep levels of created beauty, or created being (through self-contemplation), para-normal dimensions, or even the "quantum field" that modern physics has revealed! However, it is only in the Eastern Orthodox Church and through its deifying mysteries that the seeker will be introduced to the province of Uncreated Divine Life. It is only in the Orthodox Church that the eastern seeker will hear there is more to "salvation" than simply forgiveness of sins and justification before God. He will be led to participate in the Uncreated Energies of God, so that they "may be partakers of the divine nature" (II Peter 1:4). As a member of the Body of Christ he will join in the deifying process, and be increasingly transformed after the Likeness! Thankfully, deification is available to all who enter the Holy Orthodox Church, are baptized (which begins the deifying process) and partake of the holy mysteries. Deification is not just for monks, ascetics and the spiritual athletes on Mount Athos!

Eastern Orthodoxy has much to share with eastern spiritual seekers. Life and death hangs in the balance in this life, not the millions of lives eastern seekers think they have! As the Apostle Paul soberly reminds us, " ... it is appointed for men to die once but after this the judgment." (Heb. 9:27).

May God give us the vision to begin to share the "true light" of the Holy Orthodox Faith with seekers of the eastern spiritual traditions.

References

1. Makarian Homilies; Glossary of The Philokalia
2. Hierotheos Vlachos, Life after death; 1995; Birth of the Theotokos Monastery
3. On Prayer; Sophrony; pages 168-170

Kevin Allen, a former Hindu practitioner before becoming an Eastern Orthodox Christian, is also the co-host of the Internet radio program "The Illumined Heart" which is broadcast weekly on Ancient Faith Radio (www.ancientfaithradio.com). © 2007 Kevin Allen.

From Eastern Philosophy to Eastern Orthodoxy

From Eastern Philosophy to Eastern Orthodoxy

     Welcome to my new blog.

     For the last 8 or 9 months, I’ve had a blog entitled “Blue Jean Theosis.”  The purpose of that blog—or at least the attempt of it—was to bring Orthodoxy into the minds of modern seekers, people who may not usually be interested in the Orthodox faith.  But the problem is that it was “all over the place”—for lack of a better phrase.  It didn’t have a coherent message—which isn’t necessarily a bad thing—and was more or less various “thoughts” that I had regarding the Eastern Christian view in light of modern philosophical concepts and ways of thinking.  It was in many ways nothing more than a “personal” blog.

     I realized that I could do better.

     And I realized this because I have a “story” to tell; one that will reach many more hearts, and many more “seekers”, than Blue Jean Theosis could ever attempt to reach.  And that is the story of my life, and the story of this blog—a story that I hope will resonate with a great many people; a story of my conversion from Eastern philosophy and religion—specifically that of Taoism, Buddhism, and Vedanta—to the very heart of Christianity: the Holy, Catholic and Apostolic Church, most commonly referred to as Eastern Orthodoxy.

     This blog is for those of you who are interested in Christianity—specifically the ancient Christian spirituality found within the religion—but have been turned off with the “trappings” of Western Christianity.  It is for those of you who want Christ in your life, yet have been more attracted to the philosophies and practical spirituality of the Asian East.  And it is for those of you who want the Truth—who desire it more than anything else in the world, more than breathing and more than eating—and who think that it is found in the Absolute Being so often talked about in Taoism, Mahayana Buddhism, and the Vedanta of ancient India.  The truth—and here’s the whole crux of what this blog will be focused on—is that the Truth is found in the Primordial, Pure Being of those ancient philosophies, but it is not the Ultimate Truth.  Because the ultimate truth is this: Truth is a Person, known and loved by the human heart.[1]  It’s not that the philosophies of Asia are wrong, it’s that they are incomplete.

     Listen to the words of Saint John the Theologian, and let it call out to you from Holy Scripture, let it call to your heart:

     In the beginning was Primordial Being,

     And Primordial Being was with God,

     And Primordial Being was God.

     …And Primordial Being was made flesh and dwelt among us…[2]

     If these words from Scripture—and what I have written so far—resonate with you, then the rest of this blog will hopefully do the same.  Here is a quote from the book “Christ the Eternal Tao” that sums up in many ways who this blog is written for, and what you can look for in upcoming posts[3]:

     “In modern Western Society, many people turn away from the Christianity of their formative years because they find its truths smothered under an unreal kind of religiosity.  They see that the people in the churches are not changing and becoming better, but rather are comforting themselves and each other in their unregenerate state.  They find that the spirit of Western churches is, at its core, little different from that of the world around them.  Having removed Christianity from the Cross of inward purification, these churches have replaced a direct, intuitive apprehension of Reality and a true experience of God with intellectualism on one hand and emotionalism on the other.

     “In the first case, Christianity becomes something that is acquired through rote learning, based on the idea if you just get the words right—if you just memorize the key Scripture verses, intellectually grasp the concepts and repeat them, know how to act and speak in the religious dialect of your particular sect—you will be saved.  Christianity then becomes a dry, word-based religion, a legalistic system, a set of ideas and behaviors, and a political institution that operates on the same principles as the institutions of the world.

     “In the second case, Western churches add the element of emotionalism and enthusiasm in order to add life to their systems, but this becomes just as grossly material as religious legalism.  People become hypnotized by their self-induced emotional states, seeing a mirage of spiritual ascent while remaining bound to the material world.

    “This is not direct perception of Reality; it is not the Ultimate.  It is no wonder, then, that the Western spiritual seekers, even if they have been raised in Christian homes, begin to look elsewhere, into the Eastern religions.  It is also not surprising that so many are turning to the profound and enigmatic work of pre-Christian China, the Tao Te Ching.  In reading Lao Tzu, they sense a similar spirit to that of Jesus Christ.   They see a poetic glimpse of Christ in Lao Tzu—a reflection that is faint, but somehow still pure.  And to them, this faint but pure image is better than the vivid but more tarnished image of Him that they encounter in much of what now passes for Christianity.”[4]

     If that resonates, then this blog is surely for you.

     If you are attracted to the Tao, then may you find even more comfort in the Tao that became flesh—the Tao that dwelt in the world, and still dwells within the heart of every seeker.

     If you are attracted to the Buddha, then may you find even more comfort and solace from suffering in He who took on the suffering of the world.

     If you are attracted to the bhakti of Hinduism, may you find solace in the ultimate bhaktas, the ascetical hesychasts of the Orthodox Church, who know Christ as the ultimate Beloved.

     And if you seek unity with the One that is beyond all duality, may these words of Saint Athanasius ever ring true: “God become man in order that man might become god.”

     This blog will contain many of my own writings—including, but in no way limited, to posts from my previous blog—and it will also contain all that I can find on the Web regarding the interface of Asian philosophy and spirituality with the Orthodox Church.

     I hope that this blog will be your one-stop for everything you are searching for if you are searching for a real, lived philosophy—a contemplative philosophy—and if you wish to find it in the Savior of the world, Jesus Christ, the Primordial Being made flesh.

---

[1] These are not my words.  Rather, they are the words of that great bastion of Orthodoxy, Father Seraphim Rose.  Father Seraphim—a Saint in my book—was a seeker of Truth.  He thought he had found the truth in Taoism, but it wasn’t until he encountered the Orthodox Church that he knew “Truth was a Person, known and loved by the human heart.”

[2] I “borrowed” this translation of the Gospel of John from the book “Christ the Eternal Tao,” but instead of “Tao”, I have substituted “Primordial Being.”  In my view—and I believe in what would have been the view of both Lao Tzu and the early Church Fathers—it constitutes the same thing.  The reason is because the Greek word for “Word” is “Logos.”  Logos and the Tao—and therefore Primordial Being—are essentially the same thing.  A Christian who doesn’t understand the Logos simply doesn’t understand Christianity.  (More on what this entails—and how the Logos made flesh is also the Tao made flesh—in upcoming blog posts.)

[3] As far as I’m concerned, “Christ the Eternal Tao” is the best book ever written that brings together both Asian philosophy and the revelation of Jesus Christ.  It does this without being a syncretism (a common pitfall of most books that combine the two), while also bringing out the full significance of Asian philosophy and the Church of Christ.

[4] Found in the forward of Christ the Eternal Tao by Hieromonk Damascene.